V\u1ec1 T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3:<\/p>\n
Richard H. Thaler, kinh t\u1ebf gia \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110H Chicago (M\u1ef9), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-2011, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n “C\u00fa h\u00edch – Nudge”, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 trong Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Thaler \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 “k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thaler, \u00fd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen chia s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, thay v\u00ec t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng chung l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen “k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n” th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi mua m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3, ta s\u1ebd so n\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean Internet \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n
B\u00e1o Guardian cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng Thaler \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh, tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn “c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng”.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mua \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 gi\u00e1 1 tri\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng A b\u1ed7ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng B b\u00e1n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 100.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y sang b\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 gi\u00e1 10 tri\u1ec7u, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 100.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf Thaler l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thay v\u00ec con s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Thaler c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng vai “nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i” s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai bao nhi\u00eau t\u00f9y \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n “nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i” s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u1ec1 “c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” (chia \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng chia hay h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng cho h\u1ebft?).<\/p>\n
C\u0169ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1986, \u00f4ng Thaler v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. 107 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau: m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd v\u1eabn b\u00e1n x\u1ebbng x\u00fac tuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 15 USD. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u00e3o tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00ean 20 USD. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, 82% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” ho\u1eb7c “r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng”.<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i Nobel d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thaler ch\u1ee9ng minh “quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng”.<\/p>\n
X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u00f4ng Thaler ch\u1ec9 ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u01a1i h\u01a1n (ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng khi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe). \u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thaler n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “m\u1eddi v\u00e0o showbiz”. Theo H\u00e3ng tin AFP, n\u0103m 2015 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi trong b\u1ed9 phim “The Big Short” (c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao Christian Bale, Steve Carell v\u00e0 Ryan Gosling) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d4ng Thaler c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “c\u00fa h\u00edch” (nudge), \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0m theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m l\u1ea7m ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
“M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 (\u2026). L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 l\u1eafm l\u00fac ch\u00fang l\u00e0m ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadt ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n (\u2026). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00fa h\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin” – l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Thaler v\u00e0 Sunstein m\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xem nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00ecnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, Thaler v\u00e0 Sunstein cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u201d ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn\u201d tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
\u201cC\u00fa h\u00edch\u201d r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 theo Steven Levitt – \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i \u2013 Freakonomics \u201cl\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n
‘B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! B\u00ean trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xung quang ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.’<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":22391,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[18,15,46],"product_tag":[83],"class_list":{"0":"post-22392","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-kinh-te","7":"product_cat-sach-danh-cho-nguoi-lon","8":"product_cat-ky-nang-song","9":"product_tag-sach-moi-xuat-ban","11":"first","12":"outofstock","13":"taxable","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"purchasable","16":"product-type-simple"},"supplier_id":null,"supplier_sku":"","barcode":null,"atum_controlled":true,"out_stock_date":"2023-11-01 10:40:51","out_stock_threshold":null,"inheritable":false,"inbound_stock":0,"stock_on_hold":0,"sold_today":0,"sales_last_days":0,"reserved_stock":0,"customer_returns":0,"warehouse_damage":0,"lost_in_post":0,"other_logs":0,"out_stock_days":819,"lost_sales":0,"has_location":false,"update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:08","atum_locations":[],"atum_stock_status":"outofstock","restock_status":false,"low_stock_amount":"","sales_update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:08","calc_backorders":null,"acf":{"publisher":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/22392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=22392"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=22392"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=22392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}