V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ernst Gombrich, O.M. C.B.E., F.B.A. (1909 \u2013 2001)<\/p>\n
Sinh ra \u1edf Vienna v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Warburg \u1edf London v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1936, Gombrich gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p) London t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959 \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong h\u00e0m Hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 n\u0103m 1972 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 1988, c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m The Goeth Prize (1994) v\u00e0 the Gold Medal of the City of Vienna (1994). Gombrich m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2001.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n
\u2013 The Weltgeschichte f\u00fcr Kinder (L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) (1936)
\n\u2013 The Story of Art (C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt) (1950)
\n\u2013 Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation (Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ea2o \u1ea3nh: M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) (1960)
\n\u2013 The Sense of Order: A Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art (\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1: M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed) (1979)<\/p>\n
c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Phaidon.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\/ Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia:<\/p>\n
1. \u201cCu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.
\n– The Times<\/p>\n
2. \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Gombrich vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat hao m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4 c\u1eadu sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb, Gombrich c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3.\u201d
\n– The Time Literary Supplement, b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cho \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, 27\/01\/1950<\/p>\n
3. \u201cM\u1ed9t kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed \u00f3c l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t.\u201d
\n– Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 H. W. Janson, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc New York, 1950<\/p>\n
4. \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Mona Lisa, C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Sir Ernst Gombrich l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui th\u00fa.\u201d
\n– Pierre Rosenberg, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ki\u00eam Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Lourve, Paris, 1995<\/p>\n
5. \u201c Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi s\u1eed gia ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi Ernst Gombrich. T\u00f4i 15 tu\u1ed5i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t.\u201d
\n– Neil MacGregor, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng tranh Qu\u1ed1c gia, London, 1995<\/p>\n
6. \u201cKh\u00f3 m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap mang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nhau. C\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi tao nh\u00e3, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; s\u1eafc m\u00e0u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi; v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh lan t\u1ecfa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 vang danh cho \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0, v\u1edbi \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y n\u00e2ng niu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.\u201d
\n– J. Carter Brown, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Danh d\u1ef1, Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c gia, Washington DC, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ee6y ban M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt M\u1ef9, 1995<\/p>\n
7. \u201cNg\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 h\u1ecda s\u0129, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m qua, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ernst Gombrich h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft n\u00ean b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin t\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gombrich \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng n\u00f3.
\n– Christopher Frayling, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0103n h\u00f3a, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng gia, London, 1995<\/p>\n
Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n hay:<\/p>\n
– V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m quan h\u00e0i h\u00f2a m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi. C\u1ea3m quan \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng bao nhi\u00eau, ta s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u00eam y\u00eau th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u1ea5y b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, v\u00e0, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea5u \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau d\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t. (Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, trang 36)<\/p>\n
-S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. S\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd cho ta nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mang trong m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1eebng ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb; ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1edbi t\u1eebng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi v\u1ebb h\u00e0i h\u00f2a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea5u \u0111i; ph\u1ea3i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb hoa m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng l\u00e0m cho r\u1ed1i b\u1eddi. Th\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1eeda v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh ra h\u1ee3m h\u0129nh. (Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, trang 36)<\/p>\n
– C\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tay ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. Ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u [t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u] l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, trang 44)<\/p>\n
– S\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, hoa l\u00e1, trang s\u1ee9c hay y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u2013 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 H\u00e0 Lan; c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh mang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u00dd. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12, trang 240)<\/p>\n
– Trong ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13, trang 262)<\/p>\n
– S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 tham v\u1ecdng ganh \u0111ua nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i tham v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f2n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 28, trang 617)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201cThe Story of Art” (C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 trong 70 n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra g\u1ea7n 30 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 E.H Gombrich (1909-2001) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u2026 song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 giao thoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hay \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gombrich k\u1ec3 theo m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecda s\u0129, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau th\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 trang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n 16 v\u00e0 b\u00eca s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 Mondrian mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1eaft, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 400 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh, \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in m\u00e0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 692 trang, b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y Cmatt120, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":18303,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[18],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18306","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-kinh-te","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"taxable","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"supplier_id":null,"supplier_sku":"","barcode":null,"atum_controlled":true,"out_stock_date":null,"out_stock_threshold":null,"inheritable":false,"inbound_stock":0,"stock_on_hold":0,"sold_today":0,"sales_last_days":0,"reserved_stock":0,"customer_returns":0,"warehouse_damage":0,"lost_in_post":0,"other_logs":0,"out_stock_days":0,"lost_sales":0,"has_location":true,"update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:03","atum_locations":[{"id":32,"name":"Helsinki","slug":"helsinki"}],"atum_stock_status":"instock","restock_status":false,"low_stock_amount":"","sales_update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:03","calc_backorders":null,"acf":{"publisher":{"ID":17665,"post_author":"1","post_date":"2022-04-04 17:29:09","post_date_gmt":"2022-04-04 14:29:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Omega Plus","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"omega-plus","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-04-04 17:29:09","post_modified_gmt":"2022-04-04 14:29:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/nha-phat-hanh\/omega-plus\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"publisher","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/18306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=18306"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=18306"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=18306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}