Nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0110i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n, T\u00ecnh y\u00eau, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb B\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai (ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o n\u00e0o) t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 sinh ra. Ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 thi gan c\u00f9ng tu\u1ebf nguy\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft V\u1ee5 N\u1ed5 L\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930) \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 14 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a mang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, lon thi\u1ebfc hay l\u00e1 nh\u00f4m m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 L\u1edbn t\u1ea1o ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i d\u00ed d\u1ecfm n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ea5u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5u th\u1ecbt v\u1ecbt v\u00e0 khoai t\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbng.\u201d) \u0110\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m theo l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. N\u0103m 1939*, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ch hydro th\u00e0nh heli, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hydro v\u00e0 heli c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3. Khi k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 L\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3iph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a hydro v\u00e0 heli, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 tecneti kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u201d. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb cacbon. Nh\u01b0 s\u1eed gia khoa h\u1ecdc Eric Scerri vi\u1ebft: \u201cNgo\u00e0i hydro v\u00e0 heli, m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 0,04% v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Chi\u1ebfu theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u2026 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 Carl Sagan. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cl\u00f2 h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ch\u201d m\u00e0 B2FH m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cr\u00e8n\u201d n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 cacbon, oxy, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh \u0111\u1ec3 gieo m\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 Sagan \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u1ee5i sao.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p giai tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Oliver Sacks v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Malcolm Gladwell, Kean khi\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0. Khi\u1ebfu h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7 Kean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/p>\n
\u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1 Chi\u1ebfc Th\u00eca Bi\u1ebfn M\u1ea5t v\u00e9n b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00fat k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh cao tr\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2026 \u00d4ng th\u1ed5i m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c l\u1eadt m\u1edf nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3 Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Kean th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Kean gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, m\u00e0 t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. – Caroline Leavitt, Boston Globe<\/p>\n
\u201cTr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3 Kean bi\u1ebfn Chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9\u201d \u2014 Janet Maslin, New York Times<\/p>\n
\u201cTh\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaf T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ca ng\u1ee3i Chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau cho \u0111\u1ee7 Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1 B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.\u201d \u2014 Jon Carroll, San Francisco Chronicle<\/p>\n
\u201cSam Kean mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n minh h\u1ecda cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111an xen c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang \u1edf m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d \u2014 Philip Ball, Nature<\/p>\n
\u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edb Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, Kean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.\u201d \u2014 Daily Beast<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/p>\n
Sam Kean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m thu th\u1eadp th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf v\u1ee1 khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Washington DC. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean New York Times Megazine, Mental Floss, Slate, Air & Space\/Smithsonian v\u00e0 New Scientist. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh All Things Considered v\u00e0 On Point c\u1ee7a National Public Radio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0110i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n, T\u00ecnh y\u00eau, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb B\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai (ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o n\u00e0o) t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 sinh ra. Ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 thi gan c\u00f9ng tu\u1ebf nguy\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft V\u1ee5 N\u1ed5 L\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930) \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 14 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a mang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, lon thi\u1ebfc hay l\u00e1 nh\u00f4m m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 L\u1edbn t\u1ea1o ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i d\u00ed d\u1ecfm n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ea5u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5u th\u1ecbt v\u1ecbt v\u00e0 khoai t\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbng.\u201d) \u0110\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m theo l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. N\u0103m 1939*, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ch hydro th\u00e0nh heli, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hydro v\u00e0 heli c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3. Khi k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 L\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3iph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a hydro v\u00e0 heli, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 tecneti kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u201d. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb cacbon. Nh\u01b0 s\u1eed gia khoa h\u1ecdc Eric Scerri vi\u1ebft: \u201cNgo\u00e0i hydro v\u00e0 heli, m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 0,04% v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Chi\u1ebfu theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\u2026 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 Carl Sagan. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cl\u00f2 h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ch\u201d m\u00e0 B2FH m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cr\u00e8n\u201d n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 cacbon, oxy, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh \u0111\u1ec3 gieo m\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 Sagan \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u1ee5i sao.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p giai tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Oliver Sacks v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Malcolm Gladwell, Kean khi\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0. Khi\u1ebfu h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7 Kean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":17098,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[15,45],"product_tag":[81],"class_list":{"0":"post-17099","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-sach-danh-cho-nguoi-lon","7":"product_cat-tieu-thuyet","8":"product_tag-sach-gia-uu-dai","10":"first","11":"outofstock","12":"sale","13":"taxable","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"purchasable","16":"product-type-simple"},"supplier_id":null,"supplier_sku":"","barcode":null,"atum_controlled":true,"out_stock_date":"2024-08-10 11:05:19","out_stock_threshold":null,"inheritable":false,"inbound_stock":0,"stock_on_hold":0,"sold_today":0,"sales_last_days":0,"reserved_stock":0,"customer_returns":0,"warehouse_damage":0,"lost_in_post":0,"other_logs":0,"out_stock_days":536,"lost_sales":0,"has_location":false,"update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:18","atum_locations":[],"atum_stock_status":"outofstock","restock_status":false,"low_stock_amount":"","sales_update_date":"2026-01-28T23:11:18","calc_backorders":null,"acf":{"publisher":{"ID":8671,"post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-04-28 14:30:12","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-28 11:30:12","post_content":"","post_title":"Alphabooks","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"alphabooks","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-28 14:30:12","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-28 11:30:12","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/nha-phat-hanh\/alphabooks\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"publisher","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/17099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=17099"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=17099"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sachviet.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=17099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}